Prevention of postpartum haemorrhage

Abstract

Primary prevention of PPH is advocated at all levels of obstetric care. This implies active management of the third stage of labour also at the first and most peripheral levels of obstetric care. Active management includes the use of an oxytocic, early cord clamping and active delivery of the placenta. The oxytocic drug of choice at this moment is oxytocin 5 IU given intramuscularly. Women with high-risk factors for PPH (polyhydramnios, previous complications in third stage, APH or multiple pregnancies) should be delivered in hospital. Timely antepartum referral is necessary. In these women, prevention and anticipatory management includes the availability of intravenous treatment, as well as active management with an oxytocic. Evidence for the effectiveness of active management of the third stage of labour in women at low risk of PPH is not yet available. Whether women delivering at home with easy accessibility to hospital, or those at low risk delivering in hospital, should be actively managed remains controversial, and such an approach is not supported by us until a clinical trial in this particular group of women has shown the effectiveness of the active management.