The biplanar endoscopically assisted forehead lift

Abstract

Our experience with endoscopic forehead lifting and the biplanar forehead lift has been very rewarding, and although the postoperative results are early, the persistent elevation of the brows is encouraging, given that we do not temporarily suspend the forehead to the scalp with external bolsters or to the calvarium with internal anchors to bone, as has been described. The diminution of glabellar wrinkles also is marked. Clearly, the innovation of endoscopy to plastic surgical practice has enhanced our understanding of the goals in forehead lifting; and given our experience and that of others, it is hoped that many more patients will benefit form this continually evolving technique.