Pathogenesis and treatment of acid peptic disorders: comparison of proton pump inhibitors with other antiulcer agents

Abstract

Acid peptic disorders, including gastric ulcers, duodenal ulcers, and gastroesophageal reflux disease, are commonly occurring conditions with high direct and indirect costs. The pathogenesis of these disorders involves an imbalance between acid secretion and gastric mucosal defenses. Pharmacologic treatment of acid peptic disorders has focused on correcting this imbalance by either improving mucosal defenses with drugs such as sucralfate, bismuth, and prostaglandin analogs, neutralizing acid with antacids, or decreasing acid secretion with histamine2 (H2)-receptor antagonists, or, more recently, proton pump inhibitors. Proton pump inhibitors are more potent inhibitors of acid secretion than H2-receptor antagonists. In clinical comparisons, proton pump inhibitors were shown to be more effective in the treatment of acid peptic disorders than H2-receptor antagonists. Helicobacter pylori infection is a factor in 85% to 100% of duodenal ulcers and 70% to 90% of gastric ulcers; eradicating this organism results in a considerable decrease in the recurrence of ulcers. Current management of peptic ulcer disease includes the use of combination antisecretory and antibiotic therapy for acute treatment of H pylori-associated disease. Patient self-medication with over-the-counter products, including H2-receptor antagonists, may have an impact on the potential for reducing the recurrence of peptic ulcer disease in patients with H pylori infection. Patients with recurrent disease should be informed of the need to seek medical treatment through aggressive education at the point of sale for over-the-counter drugs.