Influenza virus infection of hamsters. A model for evaluating antiviral drugs

Abstract

Inoculation of hamsters with influenza virus [A/PR/8/34 HON 1] produces an inapparent infection which can be monitored by virus titrations of nasal washes or of homogenates prepared from trachea or lung. Antibody can be detected in the serum within 7 days following virus inoculation. Hamsters previously infected were found to be resistant to challenge with the same virus. The utility of this model for evaluating anti-influenza drugs was demonstrated with two compounds. Calcium elenolate, a virucidal agent, reduced the virus titers of nasal washes when the drug was given as nose drops near the time of virus inoculation so as to affect high drug concentrations in the nasal passages. Virazole, an inhibitor of virus replication, reduced the virus titers of the nasal washes when multiple drug treatments were given as nose drops in an effort to provide drug during the time of virus replication. The model described may provide a useful means of evaluating potential antiviral during candidates inasmuch as the drug can be delivered directly into the nasal passages in a non-fatal influenza infection in a convenient laboratory animal.