Penetration of chemotherapy into vitreous is increased by cryotherapy and cyclosporine in rabbits

Abstract

Objective: To investigate whether cryotherapy, which induces a serous effusion in retina, might increase access of systemic chemotherapy into the vitreous.

Methods: The right eyes of 18 rabbits were treated with triple or single freeze-thaw cryotherapy at 1 or 2 locations, 1 day before administering intravenous carboplatin with or without cyclosporine. Control left eyes received no cryotherapy. The rabbits were killed 2 or 24 hours after chemotherapy, and carboplatin concentrations were measured in the vitreous of each eye and in blood.

Results: A significant increase was found in intravitreal carboplatin concentrations when cryotherapy was applied (P < .001) or high-dose cyclosporine was administered (P < .001) and if 2 locations were frozen compared with 1 location frozen (P = .02). Intravitreal carboplatin concentrations were always significantly greater after cryotherapy, either when the corresponding blood carboplatin concentrations were high (2 hours after completing treatment) or when they had dropped to much lower levels (at 24 hours). The triple freeze-thaw technique did not yield significantly better results than a single freeze-thaw technique.

Conclusion: Cryotherapy administered 24 hours before chemotherapy significantly increased the intravitreal penetration of carboplatin, and this strategy may enhance the capacity of chemotherapy to cure intraocular retinoblastoma, particularly avascular tumors such as vitreous seeds.