Interactions of Bacillus thuringiensis crystal proteins with the midgut epithelial cells of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Abstract

Binding of different Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal proteins (ICPs) to the midgut epithelium of Spodoptera frugiperda larvae was characterized by binding experiments with midgut tissue sections and isolated brush border membrane vesicles. Our results show that ICPs interact with the microvilli of epithelial cells of S. frugiperda in two different ways. The first is typical of highly toxic proteins (like CryIC and CryID); this interaction is saturable and specific. In contrast, some nontoxic proteins (like CryIAb) interact nonspecifically with the microvilli, since the binding of this toxin is not affected by the presence of high concentrations of homologous competitor. The CryIC toxin binds to two brush border proteins of 40 and 44 kDa and the CryIAb toxin binds to a single protein of 150 kDa. Immunological detection of ingested B. thuringiensis ICPs on gut sections of S. frugiperda larvae revealed that CryIC and CryID toxins bound along the epithelial brush border microvilli membrane. Binding of the nontoxic protein CryIAb was also observed in the epithelial brush border membrane of fed larvae, but it was extremely weak, implying that this type of interaction occurs also in vivo although it is not related to toxicity.