Combination chemotherapy (dacarbazine, carmustine, cisplastin, and tamoxifen) in advanced melanoma

Abstract

Melanoma is rare in Singapore with an age-standardised rate (ASR) of 0.4-0.8 per 100,000 per year. Thirteen patients with metastatic or locally advanced melanoma were referred to the Department of Medical Oncology, Singapore General Hospital between Feb 1991 and Nov 1993. Ten patients were given combination chemotherapy comprising carmustine (BCNU), cisplatin, dacarbazine (DTIC) and tamoxifen. The remaining 3 patients either rejected chemotherapy or were too ill to receive chemotherapy. Patient characteristics were as follows: there were 6 males and 4 females; age range 29-75 years; all were Chinese; sites of primary disease: extremities 8, retroorbital 1, vagina 1; sites of metastases: lymph nodes 6, skin 2, pulmonary 3, liver 1. All received the same combination chemotherapy comprising iv BCNU 150 mg/m2 q8wk, iv DTIC 220 mg/m2 x 3 days q4 wk, iv cisplatin 25 mg/m2 x 3 days q4 wk and tab tamoxifen 40 mg daily. There were 6 partial responses and no complete responses, giving a response rate of 60% with a median survival of 11.5 months. Three patients with sites of disease in the vagina, retroorbital region and metastatic liver disease had progressive disease despite chemotherapy and one died of treatment related sepsis. The 6 responders include those with metastases to the skin, nodes and/or lung. Treatment was generally tolerable. Two patients experienced delays of their subsequent cycles of treatment by 1-2 weeks due either to neutropenia and/or thrombocytopenia. This regimen is a fairly active combination against metastatic melanoma, particularly those with metastases to the nodes, skin and the lung. Those with involvement of other sites tend to respond poorly.