Specificities of anti-platelet antibodies in multitransfused patients with haemato-oncological disorders

Abstract

The clinical condition and the formation of platelet-reactive antibodies influence the post-transfusion platelet increment. We analysed the specificities of platelet-reactive antibodies in 81 multitransfused patients with haemato-oncological diseases refractory to platelet transfusions, or prior to a scheduled stem cell transplantation. In 17 additional patients we prospectively determined the development of platelet-reactive antibodies at the time of chemotherapy in weekly intervals. Sera were tested by the monoclonal antibody-specific immobilization of platelet antigens (MAIPA)-technique for antiplatelet antibodies against HLA class I antigens, the human platelet-specific alloantigens (HPA)-1, -2, -3, -5, and the platelet membrane glycoproteins (GP) Ia/IIa, Ib/IX, IIb/IIIa (panreactive). Platelet reactive antibodies were found in 54% of blood samples. They were frequent in patients with a history of possible previous immunization, particularly if patients were refractory to platelet transfusions. Platelet-reactive HLA antibodies were the most common antibodies. Even patients without a known risk of primary immunization who received exclusively leucocyte-depleted blood products formed antibodies. By the MAIPA technique, even LCT-negative sera were found to contain platelet-reactive antibodies.