Oxaliplatin, tetraplatin, cisplatin, and carboplatin: spectrum of activity in drug-resistant cell lines and in the cell lines of the National Cancer Institute's Anticancer Drug Screen panel

Abstract

The present study was designed to explore the activity of platinum compounds in cisplatin-resistant cell lines, the unselected cell lines of the National Cancer Institute's Anticancer Drug Screen, and the potential for use in combination. The activities of four platinum compounds in cisplatin-resistant KB and A2780 cells were investigated. The cells were highly resistant to cisplatin and cross-resistant to carboplatin, but less than one-tenth as resistant to oxaliplatin and tetraplatin. Cellular accumulation of all platinum compounds was decreased in both resistant cell lines. When the activities of cisplatin and oxaliplatin were evaluated in the National Cancer Institute's Anticancer Drug Screen, marked differences were observed. Evaluation of the activity profile using the COMPARE program revealed a different pattern for both agents: the cisplatin activity profile was similar to those of other diamine-platinum compounds, alkylating agents including melphalan, and camptothecin analogs, whereas the activity profile of oxaliplatin resembled those of other "dach" (diaminocyclohexane) platinum compounds and of acridine derivatives. The sensitivity profiles are influenced by the target(s)/mechanism(s) of action and the mechanism(s) of resistance of a drug. The dissimilarity in profiles suggests that these two platinum compounds have a different target(s)/mechanism(s) of action, a different mechanism(s) of resistance, or most likely both. Studies evaluating combinations of cisplatin/oxaliplatin suggest that the activities of these two agents are at least additive and possibly synergistic. Oxaliplatin has a different spectrum of activity and low cross-resistance to cisplatin and should be valuable in cisplatin refractory patients or in combination with cisplatin.