[Anterior cranio-facial resection for malignant tumors: report of 91 cases]

Abstract

Between 1987 and 1994 we performed 103 anterior cranio-facial resections in patients affected by tumors involving the ethmoid, the nasal cavities and, sometimes, the orbit, the maxillary and sphenoid sinuses. The cibriform plate was always involved. The tumor invaded the frontal dura in 20 patients without intradural neoplastic vegetations. These were present in 6 cases. Ninety-one of these patients had a malignant tumor; from the histologic point of view we had 50 adenocarcinomas, 16 epidermoid carcinomas, 8 estesioneuroblastomas, 6 adenoid cystic carcinomas, 5 melanomas and 6 infrequent types. The surgical technique became simplier in the second half of our patients. Now we perform a coronal skin incision and prepare a pericranial flap without the galea and use it to reconstruct the cranial base defect without bone or alloplastic material. The frontal craniotomy is rectangular, low and made by an oscillating saw without trephine holes. The posterior section of the skull base for a typical ethmoid tumor is always on the sphenoid roof and the lateral ones on the medial third of the orbital roof, al least in the more interested side. The anterior section is on the frontal sinus floor. The osteotomies may be enlarged according to tumor extension. Our facial incision is paranasal without splitting of the upper lip, but sometimes we used wider skin incisions and osteotomies for tumors involving the maxillary sinus and palate. We had many important complications in the first half of out patients with 7 postoperative deaths but none in the second half. Fifty-five percent of the adenocarcinomas, 7% of the epidermoid carcinomas, 75% of the estesioneuroblastomas, 100% of the adenoid cystic carcinomas and 0% of the melanomas are alive and well. Forty-six patients were previously treated elsewhere and 45 were untreated. The cure rate of these two groups of patients is very different: 38.1% of the first versus 61.9% of the second ones are alive and free of disease. Our experience proves that every transfacial or transnasal resection of an ethmoidal tumor involving the cribriform plate must be avoided.