Poststroke late seizures and their role in rehabilitation of inpatients

Abstract

Purpose: This study was designed to (a) identify the prevalence of poststroke late seizures in a population of patients admitted to rehabilitation of neurologic sequelae of their first stroke, (b) recognize reliable prognostic factors associated with the occurrence of poststroke late seizures, and (c) evaluate the impact of seizures on the results of rehabilitation treatment.

Methods: In a prospective study of 306 consecutive patients admitted to a rehabilitation hospital for sequelae of their first stroke, we assessed the relation among 15 independent variables and the development of seizures by using multiple regression analysis (forward stepwise). In addition, we evaluated the impact of occurrence of poststroke seizures on both efficiency and effectiveness of rehabilitation and length of stay.

Results: Poststroke late seizures occurred in 46 (15.03%) patients, with a mean interval from stroke of 101.98 +/- 37.96 days. In multiple regression analysis, putaminal and lobar hemorrhages showed a significant positive association with the development of seizures (p < 0.005), whereas high scores on the Canadian Neurological Scale (CNS) (indicating less severe strokes) and increasing age were negatively associated (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). Patients with putaminal and lobar hemorrhages and patients with severe stroke (CNS score at admission, <7) were at significantly greater relative risk of seizures [relative risk (RR) = 1.99, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.11-1.39; RR = 3.00, CI, 1.06-1.13; and RR = 2.41, CI, 1.01-1.27, respectively). No significant association was found between poststroke seizures and results of rehabilitation.

Conclusions: Poststroke late seizures occurred mainly in patients with putaminal and lobar hemorrhagic strokes but, if treated, did not affect rehabilitation therapy.