Specific reduction of plasma large, light low-density lipoprotein by a bile acid sequestering resin, cholebine (MCI-196) in type II hyperlipoproteinemia

Abstract

The effect of a bile acid sequestrant, cholebine (3 g/day), on plasma lipoprotein subfractions was investigated in 16 patients with type II hyperlipoproteinemia. Activities of low density lipoprotein (LDL)-receptor and activities of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) were assayed to address the mechanism of cholebine-induced changes in plasma lipoprotein subfractions. Twelve weeks of treatment with cholebine reduced plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-cholesterol (C) by 8.3 +/- 8.1% (mean +/- S.D.) and 14.4 +/- 11.9%, respectively (P < 0.001), but did not affect plasma levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL)-C. Cholebine significantly reduced plasma levels of LDL1-C (1.019 < d < 1.045) by 22.9 +/- 18.9% (P < 0.001) but did not affect plasma levels of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-C, intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL)-C, LDL2-C (1.045 < d < 1.063), HDL2-C, and HDL3-C (d > 1.125). Gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) revealed that cholebine reduced large LDL in plasma but had almost no effects on small LDL and HDL subfractions. Cholebine did not alter the activities of LCAT and CETP. LDL-receptor activities of cultured lymphocytes negatively correlated with the reduction in plasma levels of LDL-C (r = -0.500, P < 0.05), IDL-C (r = -0.581, P < 0.02), and LDL1-C (r = -0.610, P < 0.01), respectively. Thus, cholebine seems to reduce further the plasma levels of IDL and large, light LDL in patients with lower LDL-receptor activities. We conclude that cholebine only reduces plasma levels of large, light LDL. This may be due to the stimulation of hepatic LDL-receptor activity.