Effectiveness of partial splenectomy in hereditary spherocytosis

Abstract

Total splenectomy eliminates the splenic destruction of erythrocytes with impaired deformability. However, concern has increased over the lifelong risk of overwhelming postsplenectomy infections in splenectomized patients, a risk reduced but not totally suppressed by appropriate prophylaxis. Partial splenectomy, as long as 80% to 90% of the enlarged spleen is removed and less than 25% of the normal spleen volume is retained, is a logical alternative, both preserving the phagocytic and immune function of the spleen and decreasing erythrocyte destruction. A 12-year experience has shown that subtotal splenectomy is efficient in decreasing hemolysis, although to a lesser extent than total splenectomy, with sustained results over years in most patients, and indirect evidence argues for the integrity of phagocytic function. Such a surgical procedure should be considered in transfusion-dependent infants with hereditary spherocytosis and in older patients with erythrocyte membrane defects, provided further follow-up confirms the experience of the past 12 years.