Lymphedema. Pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment

Abstract

Purpose: The author discusses the lymphatic circulatory system and the pathogenesis, risk and protective factors, complications, and treatment of lymphedema. Quality-of-life issues, educational needs of patients and families, and suggestions for future research also are addressed.

Overview: Chronic lymphedema of the arm after axillary lymph node dissection is a potential sequela of breast cancer treatment that has a profound impact on quality of life. Lymphedema may occur any time during the patient's life triggered by even minor trauma, with subsequent inflammation of the affected arm. Treatment of lymphedema may be uncomfortable and unsuccessful. Physical and psychological well-being can be affected negatively by the illness or its treatment.

Clinical implications: All healthcare professionals coming in contact with individuals having an axillary lymph node dissection need to be aware that the risk of lymphedema is life-long. Specific measures to prevent trauma to the affected arm are noted.