Optic chiasm glioma, electrolyte abnormalities, nonobstructive hydrocephalus and ascites

Abstract

A 4-year-old girl with optic chiasm glioma (OCG), nonobstructive hydrocephalus and ventriculoperitoneal shunt is described, in whom marked ascites developed. The ascitic fluid was protein-rich and its amount correlated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein. The CSF protein level and the amount of ascitic fluid were influenced by chemotherapy. Very unusual hypernatremia, up to 190 mEq/l with no associated alteration in mental status, was also found. It is suggested that altered absorption ability owing to the high protein content was the cause of both the nonobstructive hydrocephalus and the ascites. The unusual well being with very high sodium concentrations may have resulted from osmoreceptor dysfunction, presumably caused by hypothalamic involvement as well as by the high CSF protein. This combination of findings may point toward specific characteristics of OCG. In an effort to reduce the amount of the ascitic fluid, a further chemotherapeutic trial may be done, before converting the shunt to the vetriculoatrial system.