From locus to cellular disturbances: positional cloning of the infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis gene

Abstract

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL) represent a group of common progressive encephalopathies of children with a global incidence of 1 in 12,500. NCL are divided into three autosomal recessive subtypes, all assigned to different chromosomal loci. The infantile subtype of NCL (INCL) is characterized by early visual loss and mental deterioration, and leads to a vegetative state of the patients by 3 years of age. We pursued the identification of the gene defective in INCL, enriched in the Finnish population by a positional cloning approach and identified mutations in the palmitoyl-protein thioesterase (PPT) gene in INCL patients. We have further shown that PPT represents a novel lysosomal enzyme and is routed to the lysosomes via the mannose 6-phosphate receptor-mediated pathway. The worldwide most common mutation in the PPT gene, INCLFin, results in the deficient routing of the mutant PPT to lysosomes and undetectable enzyme activity in the brain tissue of patients. Our results suggest that INCL can be classified as a new member of lysosomal enzyme deficiencies.