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. 1997 May 15;79(10):1426-30.
doi: 10.1016/s0002-9149(97)00159-8.

Elevated soluble CD14 receptors and altered cytokines in chronic heart failure

S D Anker  1 , K R Egerer, H D Volk, W J Kox, P A Poole-Wilson, A J Coats
Affiliations

Elevated soluble CD14 receptors and altered cytokines in chronic heart failure

S D Anker et al. Am J Cardiol. .

Abstract

We hypothesized that in patients with chronic heart failure mesenteric venous congestion leads to increased bowel permeability, bacterial translocation, and thereby endotoxin release; the increased endotoxin challenge then causes immune activation with increased soluble CD14 levels and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production. Patients with high soluble CD14 levels (indicative of endotoxin-cell interaction) have markedly increased plasma levels of TNF-alpha, soluble TNF receptors 1 and 2, and intracellular adhesion molecule-1, supporting this hypothesis.

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