[Urinary albumin excretion in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Effects of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor]

Abstract

Background: Microalbuminuria in diabetic patients is diagnostic of early renal involvement and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors reduce albumin excretion in these subjects.

Aim: To assess the effects of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor on urinary albumin excretion in non insulin dependent diabetic patients.

Patients and methods: Diabetic patients with normal blood pressure were randomly assigned to receive enalapril 10 mg/day or placebo and followed during 18 months. Those with high blood pressure were randomly assigned to receive enalapril or acebutolol in doses necessary to normalize blood pressure and followed during 12 months. Every three months, urinary albumin excretion was measured in a four hour urine sample by radioimmunoassay.

Results: One hundred fifty two patients were recruited for the study and 46 were lost from follow up. In 17 subjects with normal blood pressure initial urinary albumin excretion below cutoff values (30 mg/24 h) and treated with enalapril, this parameter did not change; in 20 treated with placebo, it increased from 5.8 +/- 6.1 to 18.2 +/- 7.5 mg/24 h. In 11 patients with normal pressure and increased initial urinary albumin, this parameter did not change with enalapril and increased in 10 with placebo from 87.3 +/- 75.1 to 253.6 +/- 61.1 mg/24 h. In hypertensive patients with normal urinary albumin excretion, no changes in this parameter were observed in those treated with acebutolol (n = 10) or enalapril (n = 14). In hypertensives with high urinary albumin excretion, it decreased from 119.2 +/- 8.5 to 40.0 +/- 4.7 mg/24 h with enalapril treatment (n = 12), and no change was observed in those treated with acebutolol (n = 11).

Conclusions: Enalapril decreases urinary albumin excretion in non insulin dependent diabetic patients.