Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 1997 Jun;132(6):592-7.
doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1997.01430300034007.

Endotracheal intubation in the field improves survival in patients with severe head injury. Trauma Research and Education Foundation of San Diego

R J Winchell  1 , D B Hoyt
Affiliations

Endotracheal intubation in the field improves survival in patients with severe head injury. Trauma Research and Education Foundation of San Diego

R J Winchell et al. Arch Surg. 1997 Jun.

Abstract

Objective: To measure the effect of prehospital endotracheal intubation on outcome in patients with severe head injury and the percentage of these patients intubated in the field under existing protocol.

Design: Retrospective case-control study.

Setting: Countywide urban trauma system.

Patients: Trauma patients with blunt injury and scene Glasgow Coma Score of 8 or less, transported by ground ambulance with advanced life support capabilities from January 1, 1991, to December 31, 1995. Severe head injury was defined as head or neck Abbreviated Injury Scale score of 4 or greater. Isolated severe head injury was defined as head or neck Abbreviated Injury Scale score of 4 or greater with no other Abbreviated Injury Scale component greater than 3. One thousand ninety-two patients met initial criteria; of these, 671 had severe head injury, and 351 had isolated severe head injury.

Interventions: None.

Main outcome measures: Mortality and functional status sufficient for discharge to home.

Results: Field intubation was associated with significant decreases in mortality from 36% to 26% in the full study group, from 57% to 36% in patients with severe head injury, and from 50% to 23% in patients with isolated severe head injury. Rate of discharge to home was unaffected by field intubation. Between 50% and 60% of study patients were intubated under current paramedic protocol, compared with intubation rates of 85% to 92% for similar patients transported by aeromedical teams operating under expanded indications for intubation.

Conclusions: Prehospital endotracheal intubation was associated with improved survival in patients with blunt injury and scene Glasgow Coma Score of 8 or less, especially those with severe head injury by anatomic criteria. Broadening indications for intubation by paramedical personnel has great potential to improve outcome in patients with severe head injury.

PubMed Disclaimer