[Anemia increases work of breathing in patients with lung disease]

Abstract

Background: Pulmonary diseases with marked disorders in gas exchange or chronic overload of the respiratory pump needs increased ventilatory requirements. Additionally in these patients anemic may aggravate the ventilatory load. We thereby evaluated whether in these patients treatment of anemia (red blood cell transfusion: RBCT) leads to an improvement of the ventilatory load in comparison to the anemic patients without pulmonary disease.

Patients and methods: We examined 21 patients with an anemia (Hb < 11 g%, 12 men). Fifteen patients had a pulmonary disease (group A), 6 patients suffered from anemia without pulmonary disease (group B). Subsequently within 8 hours the patients got 2 to 3 RBCT. We studied the patients on the day of admission and 24 to 36 hours after transfusion. The patients kept bed rest for spontaneous breathing 1 hour prior to the actual examination without supplemental oxygen. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, respiratory rate, respiratory minute volume and arterial blood gases were measured. On the following day we repeated the same procedures.

Results and conclusions: Anemia in patients with an increased ventilatory requirement causes an additional increase of work of breathing. In these patients-in contrast to patients without compromised lungs-2.2 red blood cell transfusions lead to an impressive reduction of VE (about 20%) and correspondingly also to a reduction of WOB.