Antioxidant nutrient supplementation reduces the susceptibility of low density lipoprotein to oxidation in patients with coronary artery disease

Abstract

Objective: This study sought to determine the effect of antioxidant supplementation on the susceptibility of low density lipoprotein (LDL) to oxidation in patients with established cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Background: Data are inconsistent regarding the role of antioxidant nutrients in the prevention of CVD.

Methods: The study design was a 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Patients with CVD (n = 45) were randomized to 1) placebo control; 2) 400 IU of vitamin E, 500 mg of vitamin C, 12 mg of beta-carotene (mid-dose); or 3) 800 IU of vitamin E, 1,000 mg of vitamin C, 24 mg of beta-carotene (high dose) daily. Reduced susceptibility of LDL to oxidation was estimated by an increase in lag phase (minutes). Baseline and 6- and 12-week measurements of lipoproteins and lag phase were obtained. Plasma levels of antioxidants were measured at baseline and 12 weeks.

Results: Concentrations of alpha-tocopherol, vitamin C and beta-carotene significantly increased in the mid- and high dose groups during the trial. Lag phase significantly increased from baseline (190.1 +/- 63.8 min [mean +/- SD]) to 12 weeks (391.1 +/- 153.0 min) in the high dose group (p < 0.01). A nonsignificant increase in lag phase in the mid-dose group was observed during the same time interval. A dose response was found for mean percent change from baseline to 12 weeks for lag phase for the placebo, mid- and high dose groups (p = 0.004 for trend).

Conclusions: A high dose combination of antioxidant nutrients reduces the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation in patients with CVD and may be useful in secondary prevention.