Maternal and fetal modulators of lipid metabolism correlate with the development of preeclampsia

Abstract

The pregnancy syndrome preeclampsia is associated with placental dysfunction, dyslipidemia, and endothelial cell activation, and is a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. In this report, a nested case-control study of matched preeclamptic and normal pregnant women was used to investigate the association of maternal and fetal modulators of lipid metabolism with pregnancy outcome. Maternal body mass index (BMI), triglyceride levels, and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations were all significantly increased in women who developed preeclampsia (P < .01). Human placental lactogen (hPL), which is secreted by the syncytiotrophoblast layer of the fetal placenta and reportedly has lipolytic activity, also was found to be elevated in women with preeclampsia (P < .01). By contrast, hemoglobin levels were not found to be statistically different between the two groups of women, indicating that the increased plasma lipids and hPL were not a result of hemoconcentration in preeclamptic patients. The results suggest a multihit hypothesis for the pathophysiology of preeclampsia in which maternal obesity and a placental lipolytic hormone (hPL) converge to adversely affect free fatty acid concentrations in the maternal circulation.