Infected pancreatic necrosis complicated by multiple organ failure

Abstract

Background/aims: Sixteen patients with bacteriologically proven severe infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) undergoing sequential surgical treatment were studied prospectively.

Methodology: The severity of IPN was documented pre-operatively using the following scores: 1) degree of necrosis by CT scan [< 30% in three patients (19%); 30-50% in nine patients (56%); > 50% in four patients (25%)]; 2) Elebute and Stoner's sepsis score (16 +/- 4 points); 3) Goris' score of multiple organ failure (MOF) (5 +/- 2 points). Sequential surgical treatment was carried out by the same surgical team, as follows: 1) abdominal re-explorations through a zipper for the first 7-10 days; 2) open abdomen and repeated peritoneal debridements for the following 7-10 days; 3) continuous closed peritoneal lavage with multiple drainage, until resolution of infection (range: 15-85 days). No patient required further re-exploration.

Results: Mortality occurred in 3/16 patients (19%), due to MOF in all 3 cases. The 13 survivors (81%) were discharged convalescent with closed abdominal wound, feeding orally, after 73 +/- 33 days, without fistulae. These results indicate that by treating severe IPN with the technique of sequential abdominal re-explorations, open drainage and continuous closed lavage, a low 19% mortality can be achieved.

Conclusion: This study provides an assessment of the pre-operative severity of sepsis and of MOF in each patient with IPN: these data could facilitate future comparison of results obtained with other treatment modalities.