Risk factor control and perceptions of risk factors in patients with coronary heart disease

Abstract

Treatment of hypertension and hyperlipidaemia improves cardiovascular and overall mortality in patients with coronary heart disease. Adequate awareness of atherogenic risk factors is a key first step that enables patients to address their risk factors. In a recently completed study in coronary heart disease patients at coronary angiography and 18 months later, we found that skewed views about atherogenic risk factors in general were expressed. In addition, awareness of the patients' own hypercholesterolaemia or diabetes mellitus was often inadequate or lacking, in contrast to their awareness of blood pressure or bad smoking habits. Awareness of risk factors had only marginally improved 18 months after the initial investigation. Smoking habits, total cholesterol, and HDL values had improved over 18 months but lipid values were far from reaching target values of accepted guidelines. A majority of our patients remained with at least one treatable and insufficiently controlled atherogenic risk factor, usually hypercholesterolaemia. Interestingly, higher awareness of risk factors correlated with better risk factor control. These observations suggest that systematic interventions are necessary to further ameliorate secondary prevention in coronary heart disease. Successful standardized programmes of high or perhaps medium intensity, that include systematic screening of risk factors, reasoned educational interventions, and methodical management of treatable atherogenic risk factors according to accepted, guidelines, therefore require further attention in daily medical practice.