[Peritoneal tuberculosis]

Abstract

Peritoneal tuberculosis remains a common problem in impoverished areas of the world. Immigrants and AIDS patients are two population groups at particular risk for abdominal tuberculosis in our country. The most common presenting symptoms of tuberculous peritonitis are abdominal pain, ascites and weight loss in more than 80% of cases. Results of sonographics studies are non specific and high serum CA 125 levels can be found. Pulmonary tuberculosis is concomitantly discovered in 50% of cases. Tuberculous peritonitis is of the exsudative type in 95% of cases and requires multiple studies of peritoneal fluid. Tuberculous peritonitis is suspected when exsudate and lymphocytes are present with no malignant cells, and high interferon gamma and adenosine desaminase activity. AFB is detected in the peritoneal fluid cultured conventionally in 80% of cases. Laparoscopy combined with peritoneal biopsy is effective for the diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis in 75 to 85% of cases. Peritoneal tuberculosis is treated with antituberculous drugs for a period of nine months.