Inappropriate hospital use by patients receiving care for medical conditions: targeting utilization review

Abstract

Objective: To describe characteristics associated with inappropriate hospital use by patients in Manitoba in order to help target concurrent utilization review. Utilization review was developed to reduce inappropriate hospital use but can be a very resource-intensive process.

Design: Retrospective chart review of a sample of adult patients who received care for medical conditions in a sample of Manitoba hospitals during the fiscal year 1993-94; assessment of patients at admission and for each day of stay with the use of a standardized set of objective, nondiagnosis-based criteria (InterQual).

Patients: A total of 3904 patients receiving care at 26 hospitals.

Outcome measures: Acute (appropriate) and nonacute (inappropriate) admissions and days of stay for adult patients receiving care for medical conditions.

Results: After 1 week, 53.2% of patients assessed as needing acute care at admission no longer required acute care. Patients 75 years of age or older consumed more than 50% of the days of stay, and 74.8% of these days of stay were inappropriate. Four diagnostic categories accounted for almost 60% of admissions and days, and more than 50% of those days of stay were inappropriate. Patients admitted through the emergency department were more likely to require acute care (60.9%) than others (41.7%). Patients who were Treaty Indians had a higher proportion of days of stay requiring acute care than others (45.9% v. 32.8%). Patients' income and day of the week on admission (weekday v. weekend) were not predictive factors of inappropriate use.

Conclusion: Rather than conducting a utilization review for every patient, hospitals might garner more information by targeting patients receiving care for medical conditions with stays longer than 1 week, patients with nervous system, circulatory, respiratory or digestive diagnoses, elderly patients and patients not admitted through the emergency department.