Enhanced nonsaturable calcium transport in the jejunum of rats during lactation, but not during pregnancy

Abstract

The lactating (L) rat loses in excess of 100 mg of calcium (Ca) per day to milk at peak lactation. Most of the Ca must be provided by increased intestinal absorption. In an effort to examine adaptation of intestinal calcium absorption during lactation, nonsaturable absorption from the small intestine of rats was calculated from the disappearance of Ca from in situ ligated loops of jejunum during the last week of pregnancy and throughout lactation and weaning. Efficiency of absorption is reflected by the slope of the regression line of Ca absorbed on Ca introduced into the loop. Absorption of Ca in the jejunum was markedly enhanced starting at 5 days of lactation and for the remainder of lactation. Two days after weaning, the efficiency ofjejunal Ca absorption decreased to the nonmated (NM) control level, while the lactation-associated intestinal hypertrophy persisted beyond 2 days postweaning. The percentages of water and Ca absorbed were positively and significantly correlated in both L and NM rats. In contrast to Ca, magnesium (Mg) and strontium (Sr) transport from ligated loops were not enhanced during lactation. Fifty millimolar glucose in the test solution increased the absorption of both water and Ca, but not Mg, from jejunal loops of NM rats. Glucose increased Ca absorption in NM rats up to the level seen in L rats. Glucose did not increase Ca absorption further in L rats, perhaps because of the greater availability of glucose to the intestine during lactation. We conclude that in rats the efficiency of nonsaturable Ca absorption from the jejunum is significantly increased during well established lactation, but not during pregnancy. The underlying mechanism appears to be specific for Ca, may be dependent on glucose, and is unrelated to intestinal hypertrophy.