Liquid crystalline ordering of nucleosome core particles under macromolecular crowding conditions: evidence for a discotic columnar hexagonal phase

Abstract

Macromolecular crowding conditions occurring inside the cell nucleus were reproduced experimentally with solutions of mononucleosome core particles to study their supramolecular organization. We report here that under these conditions, and over a large range of monovalent salt concentrations, mononucleosome core particles self-assemble to form a discotic liquid crystalline phase characterized in polarizing and freeze-fracture electron microscopy. Mononucleosomes are stacked on each other to form columns, which are themselves closely packed into an hexagonal array. The nucleosome concentration, estimated from the network parameters, falls in the range of values measured in cell nuclei. We suggest that these concentrated solutions, although their organization cannot be immediately compared to the organization of chromatin in vivo, may be used to investigate the nucleosome-nucleosome interactions. Furthermore, this approach may be complexified to take into account the complexity of the eucaryotic chromatin.