A review of carbon disulfide exposure data and the association between carbon disulfide exposure and ischemic heart disease mortality

Abstract

Recent regulatory efforts have devoted attention to carbon disulfide (CS2) exposure and its potential effects on the cardiovascular system. To investigate the association between CS2 exposure and ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality, the analysis presented here had the following objectives: (i) to review historical CS2 exposure data in the viscose rayon industry and identify trends and (ii) to use these historical data to suggest a standard mortality ratio (SMR)-exposure relationship and a threshold level for occupational exposure to CS2, CS2 exposure data were extracted from published studies and used with the SMR versus exposure score relationship developed by Sweetnam et al. (Br. J. Ind. Med. 44, 220-227, 1987) to relate SMRs directly to exposure. Upper and lower bound exposure profiles were derived and used to identify exposure thresholds. For an IHD SMR equal to 100, the upper and lower bound exposures were 60 and 20 ppm, respectively. The analysis indicates that the risk of IHD mortality and its relationship to CS2 exposure is meaningful only for workers exposed to high level for many years. These high levels, which existed many years ago, are no longer found in the workplace. The results of this analysis suggest a safe regulatory exposure level for CS2 between 15 and 20 ppm.