Cardiovascular malformations in rat fetuses with oesophageal atresia and tracheo-oesophageal fistula induced by adriamycin

Abstract

Associated congenital anomalies have emerged as the most significant prognostic factor in babies born with oesophageal atresia and/or tracheo-oesophageal fistula (OA-TOF). The most frequently encountered groups of anomalies are cardiovascular (CV) and gastrointestinal, the former being more significant from a prognostic point of view. Some, such as a right-sided aortic arch (RAA), vascular ring, or major heart defects, may alter the timing and surgical approach for the repair of OA-TOF or adversely affect the prognosis. The rat fetal OA model induced by adriamycin (Adr) has been described previously. In the present experiments, information was sought regarding the incidence and type of CV abnormalities in fetal rats obtained from Adr-treated dams. OA-TOF was induced in 24 of 36 fetal rats from Adr-treated dams. DV abnormalities were found in 18 (75%) OA-TOF fetuses and 10 (83%) Adr-treated fetuses without OA-TOF. The difference was not significant (P >0.05). The most frequently found anomalies were ventricular and atrial septal defects. A RAA was present in 8/36 fetuses and a double aortic arch in 2/36. A patent ductus arteriosus was present in all treated fetuses compared with two-thirds of controls. The findings in the present study emphasise the importance of CV anomalies in association with OA, and reinforce the value of the Adr-induced rat fetal OA model by adding to our knowledge of the basic embryogenesis of both OA and CV anomalies.