Current surgical approach to toxic megacolon

Abstract

Presented evidence illustrates that proctocolectomy performed as an emergency procedure is frequently less than adequate in salvaging patients with toxic megacolon, and a current mortality of 27 per cent is recorded. The mortality and morbidity of this disease are directly related to the delay in recognition and treatment of this complication and to iatrogenic perforation of the colon during colectomy, which results in fecal peritonitis. This is particularly evident when definitive operation is postponed for more than five days after the initial diagnosis of toxic megacolon. The rationale of current adherence to proctocolectomy for this complication is questioned, and a plea is made for the recognition of the life-saving potential for ileostomy-colostomy for selected patients and also for closer and earlier collaboration between surgeon and internist during the management of these patients.