Incidence and mortality from early stroke associated with acute myocardial infarction in the prethrombolytic and thrombolytic eras. Secondary Prevention Reinfarction Israeli Nifedipine Trial (SPRINT) and Israeli Thrombolytic Survey Groups

Abstract

Objectives: This study sought to compare the incidence of early cerebrovascular events and subsequent mortality in two cohorts of consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), admitted to coronary care units (CCUs) in Israel, in the prethrombolytic and thrombolytic eras.

Background: During the past decade, substantial changes have occurred in the medical treatment of AMI, and important new therapies have been introduced that could all affect stroke risk and type by diverse mechanisms. Yet the overall impact of these new therapeutic modalities on the incidence of stroke complicating AMI is not clear.

Methods: We compared the incidence and mortality rates of cerebrovascular events complicating AMI within CCUs among 5,839 consecutive patients admitted in the period 1981 to 1983 versus 2,012 patients from two prospective nationwide surveys conducted in all CCUs operating in Israel in 1992 and 1994.

Results: The demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with AMI in both periods were comparable. Patients admitted in the period 1981 to 1983 did not receive thrombolysis and reperfusion therapy; those admitted in 1992 and 1994 received thrombolysis (45%) and coronary angioplasty or coronary artery bypass graft surgery (14%), and antiplatelet and anticoagulant treatments were more frequently used. The incidence of early cerebrovascular events was 0.74% (43 of 5,839) in 1981 to 1983 versus 0.75% (15 of 2,012) in the 1992 to 1994 cohort. Patients with an AMI who experienced a cerebrovascular event were somewhat older in both groups and had a high rate of previous cerebrovascular events, congestive heart failure and atrial and ventricular arrhythmias during the hospital period. Mortality declined by one-third between the two periods. However, the mortality rate of patients with AMI who sustained a cerebrovascular event remained high (> or =40% for 30 days, 60% for 1 year).

Conclusions: The overall incidence of early cerebrovascular events complicating AMI remained similar (0.75%) in the prethrombolytic and thrombolytic eras. Mortality rates of patients with an AMI but no cerebrovascular events decreased substantially over the past decade but not in patients with AMI with a cerebrovascular event.