Thin-section helical computed tomography of the bladder: initial clinical experience with virtual reality imaging

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate the application of virtual reality imaging of the bladder (virtual cystoscopy) in the detection of bladder masses.

Methods: Six patients (mean age 61 years, range 43 to 75) with hematuria and positive findings on conventional cystoscopy were studied by means of thin-section helical computed tomography of the air-distended bladder. Using volume-rendering algorithms, interactive intraluminal views of the bladder mucosa were generated (virtual cystoscopy). Results of virtual cystoscopy were compared with those of conventional cystoscopy in each case.

Results: Twenty-six (100%) of 26 masses (mean size 1.7 cm, range 0.3 to 6), detected on conventional cystoscopy, were visualized on virtual cystoscopy. Twelve of 26 masses measured less than 1 cm in maximum diameter. All masses were pathologically proven transitional cell carcinomas. Virtual cystoscopy was well tolerated by all patients, and no complications occurred.

Conclusions: Our results indicate that virtual cystoscopy is an accurate technique for detection of intrinsic bladder masses. It may represent a radiologic adjunct to conventional cystoscopy for initial evaluation of patients with hematuria and for surveillance of patients after bladder tumor resection.