Methyldopa Hepatitis. A report of six cases and review of the literature

Abstract

Six cases of methyldopa hepatitis, including two in which the patients died are reported; and 77 cases from the literature are reviewed. Patients in whom severe hepatotoxic reactions to methyldopa develop usually complain of prodromal symptoms typical of hepatitis, often with fever, one to four weeks after therapy is initiated. Jaundice, when it occurs, is usually manifest within three months. Asymptomatic, transient elevations of serum transaminase levels may occur in patients receiving methyldopa. However, since the clinical and histologic features of hepatic injury from methyldopa are indistinguishable from viral hepatitis, it is suggested that the incidence of this iatrogenic disease is higher than generally appreciated. Serum transaminase levels should be determined at the initiation of therapy with methyldopa and four weeks later. Moreover, any patient who has unexplained fever or the prodromal symptoms of hepatitis should undergo liver chemistry studies immediately.