Permanent left atrial pacing with a specifically designed coronary sinus lead

Abstract

This article reports the original use of a specifically designed coronary sinus (CS) lead for permanent left atrial (LA) pacing. The device is characterized by its distal end shape featuring a double 45 degree angulation, which ensures very close contact with the CS upper wall. The device was successfully implanted in 39 out of 40 patients (97.5%). The tip electrode was eventually positioned in the distal CS in 9 patients, in the middle CS in 21 patients, and close to the ostium in the proximal CS in 9 patients. The mean acute pacing threshold voltage was 0.9 +/- 0.5 V with a mean impedance of 578 +/- 144 omega as measured in unipolar distal configuration at 0.5 ms pulse width (PW). The mean A wave amplitude was 3.5 +/- 2.1 mV. Early lead dislodgment occurred only once (3%) when the tip electrode was placed in the distal or middle CS, but more often (4/9 cases) when it was placed in the proximal CS. After a mean follow-up duration of 14 +/- 8.5 months, 35 of the 39 successfully implanted leads (89.7%) were still functional in terms of LA pacing and sensing. The mean chronic pacing threshold voltage was 1.5 +/- 0.8 V and the mean A wave amplitude was 2.7 +/- 1.6 mV. There were no lead related complications. In conclusion, the device proved to be safe and highly effective for permanent LA pacing, provided the distal tip could be positioned in the distal or middle part of the CS.