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Review
. 1997 Dec 4;390(6659):465-71.
doi: 10.1038/37284.

TGF-beta signalling from cell membrane to nucleus through SMAD proteins

C H Heldin  1 , K Miyazono, P ten Dijke
Affiliations
Review

TGF-beta signalling from cell membrane to nucleus through SMAD proteins

C H Heldin et al. Nature. .

Abstract

The recent identification of the SMAD family of signal transducer proteins has unravelled the mechanisms by which transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus. Pathway-restricted SMADs are phosphorylated by specific cell-surface receptors that have serine/threonine kinase activity, then they oligomerize with the common mediator Smad4 and translocate to the nucleus where they direct transcription to effect the cell's response to TGF-beta. Inhibitory SMADs have been identified that block the activation of these pathway-restricted SMADs.

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