Role of Ito cells in the liver function

Abstract

Ito cells (perisinusoidal fat-storing cells, stellate cells, lipocytes) of the liver are mesenchymal cells located in the space of Disse. They are the main place of vitamin A storage in characteristic lipid droplets. Moreover, they demonstrate synthetic activity of collagens and other extracellular matrix proteins involved in hepatic fibrosis. Their long, contractile cytoplasmic processes encompass the sinusoids and can affect sinusoidal blood flow. Because of their location in the space of Disse and connection with other sinusoidal and parenchymal cells, they are probably involved in local neurotransmission and paracrine regulation of numerous liver functions. As a source of cytokines, prostaglandins and other bioactive substances, produced in the response to noxious agents, they play a crucial role in the mechanisms of liver injury, regeneration and fibrosis. This article is a review of the current state of knowledge on Ito cells structure and function.