[Perforation of the esophagus after esophageal manometry]

Abstract

History and findings: A 75-year-old man was admitted for oesophageal manometry because of dysphagia for the past 2 years and retrosternal burning sensation unrelated to exercise. His general condition was appropriate for his age.

Investigations: An oesophagogram showed corkscrew-like deformation of a diffuse oesophageal spasm. The first, but incomplete, manometry recorded clearly propulsive contractions with markedly raised and prolonged pressure, as in "nutcracker oesophagus". The lower oesophageal sphincter could not be demonstrated initially. Subsequent pH measurements provided no evidence for increased gastrooesophageal reflux.

Treatment and further course: After the first manometry conservative treatment was initiated with molsidomine, nifedipine and nitrospray sublingual, but the dysphagia was not significantly improved. A second manometry was performed before a planned surgical exploration. Placing of the catheter was again difficult and mild resistance experienced. Endoscopy revealed only minimal, presumably superficial, mucosal lesions. 2 days later bilateral pleural effusions together with mediastinitis occurred. Conservative treatment was continued until finally a distal oesophageal perforation was demonstrated. At surgery the perforation was seen and a oesophagectomy with gastric pull-through and intrathoracic anastomosis performed. However, the patient died of septic multi-organ failure.

Conclusions: Oesophageal manometry is a safe but invasive method with few complications for measuring oesophageal motility. Although this has not previously been reported, oesophageal perforation with mediastinitis may end fatally, if the particular circumstances are unfavourable. In addition to special anatomical features, type and state of the manometric catheter may present a risk factor.