doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1976.02120090047008.
Determination of nicotine concentrations in human milk
- PMID: 941882
- DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.1976.02120090047008
Item in Clipboard
Determination of nicotine concentrations in human milk
Am J Dis Child.
1976 Aug.
Abstract
A total of 34 samples of human milk from 15 donors was analyzed for nicotine content, using a new method of sample preparation and subsequent quantification by gas chromatography. Nicotine was not found in the six samples of milk from non-smokers. The 28 samples from smokers contained an average of 91 parts per billion (ppb) nicotine (ranging from less than 20 ppb to 512 ppb). While no adverse effects to the infant due to nicotine in human milk have been documented, this method of analysis will allow systematic monitoring of nicotine concentrations in the milk of lactating women. These results should not be used to deter breast-feeding; rather, they offer another reason for mothers to reduce or cease smoking.
Similar articles
-
Gas chromatographic determination of nicotine in human breast milk.J Clin Hosp Pharm. 1983 Sep;8(3):289-93. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.1983.tb01108.x. J Clin Hosp Pharm. 1983. PMID: 6630567
-
Nicotine and cotinine concentrations in the nursing mother and her infant.Acta Paediatr Scand. 1990 Feb;79(2):142-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1990.tb11430.x. Acta Paediatr Scand. 1990. PMID: 2321475
-
Physiologic effects of maternal smoking on breast-feeding infants.J Am Acad Nurse Pract. 1993 May-Jun;5(3):105-13. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-7599.1993.tb00850.x. J Am Acad Nurse Pract. 1993. PMID: 8347401
-
Tobacco smoking and breastfeeding: Effect on the lactation process, breast milk composition and infant development. A critical review.Environ Res. 2016 Nov;151:321-338. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.08.002. Epub 2016 Aug 12. Environ Res. 2016. PMID: 27522570 Review.
-
Transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk.Pediatrics. 2001 Sep;108(3):776-89. doi: 10.1542/peds.108.3.776. Pediatrics. 2001. PMID: 11533352 Review.
Cited by
-
Genetic and epigenetic modifications of F1 offspring's sperm cells following in utero and lactational combined exposure to nicotine and ethanol.Sci Rep. 2021 Jun 10;11(1):12311. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-91739-6. Sci Rep. 2021. PMID: 34112894 Free PMC article.
-
Drug excretion in human breast milk: principles, pharmacokinetics and projected consequences.Clin Pharmacokinet. 1980 Jan-Feb;5(1):1-66. doi: 10.2165/00003088-198005010-00001. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1980. PMID: 6988135 Review.
-
Principles of drug biodisposition in the neonate. A critical evaluation of the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic interface (Part I).Clin Pharmacokinet. 1988 Apr;14(4):189-216. doi: 10.2165/00003088-198814040-00001. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1988. PMID: 3292100 Review.
-
Breastfeeding and smoking: short-term effects on infant feeding and sleep.Pediatrics. 2007 Sep;120(3):497-502. doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-0488. Pediatrics. 2007. PMID: 17766521 Free PMC article.
-
Nicotine and cotinine concentrations in the milk of smoking mothers: influence of cigarette consumption and diurnal variation.Eur J Pediatr. 1987 Jan;146(1):21-6. doi: 10.1007/BF00647276. Eur J Pediatr. 1987. PMID: 3582400