Comparison of neutralizing and hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody responses to influenza A virus vaccination of human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals

Abstract

A neutralization enzyme immunoassay (N-EIA) was used to determine the neutralizing serum antibody titers to influenza A/Taiwan/1/86 (H1N1) and Beijing/353/89 (H3N2) viruses after vaccination of 51 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1-infected individuals and 10 healthy noninfected controls against influenza virus infection. Overall, the N-EIA titers correlated well with the hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) titers that were observed in the same samples in a previous study (F. P. Kroon, J. T. van Dissel, J. C. de Jong, and R. van Furth, AIDS 8:469-476,1994). The N-EIA appeared to be more sensitive than the HAI test. Significantly more fourfold or higher rises in N-EIA titer and higher mean N-EIA titers occurred in HIV-infected individuals with > or =200 CD4+ cells per microl than in those with <200 CD4+ cells per microl.

FIG. 1

N-EIA and HAI test titers before and 30 days after vaccination of individual HIV-1-infected subjects and healthy noninfected controls against influenza A virus infection. (A and C) N-EIA and HAI titers against strain Taiwan H1N1; (B and D) N-EIA and HAI titers against strain Beijing H3N2. The subjects are individually ranked according to increasing CD4⁺ T-cell counts. Twenty-eight patients had CD4⁺ counts of <200 cells/μl and 23 subjects had CD4⁺ counts of ≥200 cells/μl. Of the 10 healthy controls, nine serum samples were available for testing by N-EIA at 30 days after vaccination. The ends of the bars indicate prevaccination titers (dashes) and postvaccination titers (filled squares). The lengths of the bars represent rises in titers for the individual subjects. Horizontal grid lines indicate the minimum levels of detection by the N-EIA and the HAI test. Antibody titers below the levels of detection were assigned arbitrary values of 0.2 and 0.5 for N-EIA and the HAI, respectively.

FIG. 1

N-EIA and HAI test titers before and 30 days after vaccination of individual HIV-1-infected subjects and healthy noninfected controls against influenza A virus infection. (A and C) N-EIA and HAI titers against strain Taiwan H1N1; (B and D) N-EIA and HAI titers against strain Beijing H3N2. The subjects are individually ranked according to increasing CD4⁺ T-cell counts. Twenty-eight patients had CD4⁺ counts of <200 cells/μl and 23 subjects had CD4⁺ counts of ≥200 cells/μl. Of the 10 healthy controls, nine serum samples were available for testing by N-EIA at 30 days after vaccination. The ends of the bars indicate prevaccination titers (dashes) and postvaccination titers (filled squares). The lengths of the bars represent rises in titers for the individual subjects. Horizontal grid lines indicate the minimum levels of detection by the N-EIA and the HAI test. Antibody titers below the levels of detection were assigned arbitrary values of 0.2 and 0.5 for N-EIA and the HAI, respectively.

FIG. 1

N-EIA and HAI test titers before and 30 days after vaccination of individual HIV-1-infected subjects and healthy noninfected controls against influenza A virus infection. (A and C) N-EIA and HAI titers against strain Taiwan H1N1; (B and D) N-EIA and HAI titers against strain Beijing H3N2. The subjects are individually ranked according to increasing CD4⁺ T-cell counts. Twenty-eight patients had CD4⁺ counts of <200 cells/μl and 23 subjects had CD4⁺ counts of ≥200 cells/μl. Of the 10 healthy controls, nine serum samples were available for testing by N-EIA at 30 days after vaccination. The ends of the bars indicate prevaccination titers (dashes) and postvaccination titers (filled squares). The lengths of the bars represent rises in titers for the individual subjects. Horizontal grid lines indicate the minimum levels of detection by the N-EIA and the HAI test. Antibody titers below the levels of detection were assigned arbitrary values of 0.2 and 0.5 for N-EIA and the HAI, respectively.

FIG. 1

N-EIA and HAI test titers before and 30 days after vaccination of individual HIV-1-infected subjects and healthy noninfected controls against influenza A virus infection. (A and C) N-EIA and HAI titers against strain Taiwan H1N1; (B and D) N-EIA and HAI titers against strain Beijing H3N2. The subjects are individually ranked according to increasing CD4⁺ T-cell counts. Twenty-eight patients had CD4⁺ counts of <200 cells/μl and 23 subjects had CD4⁺ counts of ≥200 cells/μl. Of the 10 healthy controls, nine serum samples were available for testing by N-EIA at 30 days after vaccination. The ends of the bars indicate prevaccination titers (dashes) and postvaccination titers (filled squares). The lengths of the bars represent rises in titers for the individual subjects. Horizontal grid lines indicate the minimum levels of detection by the N-EIA and the HAI test. Antibody titers below the levels of detection were assigned arbitrary values of 0.2 and 0.5 for N-EIA and the HAI, respectively.