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. 1998 Feb;64(2):405-10.
doi: 10.1128/AEM.64.2.405-410.1998.

Delineating the specific influence of virus isoelectric point and size on virus adsorption and transport through sandy soils

S E Dowd  1 , S D Pillai, S Wang, M Y Corapcioglu
Affiliations

Delineating the specific influence of virus isoelectric point and size on virus adsorption and transport through sandy soils

S E Dowd et al. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998 Feb.

Abstract

Many of the factors controlling viral transport and survival within the subsurface are still poorly understood. In order to identify the precise influence of viral isoelectric point on viral adsorption onto aquifer sediment material, we employed five different spherical bacteriophages (MS2, PRD1, Q beta, phi X174, and PM2) having differing isoelectric points (pI 3.9, 4.2, 5.3, 6.6, and 7.3 respectively) in laboratory viral transport studies. We employed conventional batch flowthrough columns, as well as a novel continuously recirculating column, in these studies. In a 0.78-m batch flowthrough column, the smaller phages (MS2, phi X174, and Q beta), which had similar diameters, exhibited maximum effluent concentration/initial concentration values that correlated exactly with their isoelectric points. In the continuously recirculating column, viral adsorption was negatively correlated with the isoelectric points of the viruses. A model of virus migration in the soil columns was created by using a one-dimensional transport model in which kinetic sorption was used. The data suggest that the isoelectric point of a virus is the predetermining factor controlling viral adsorption within aquifers. The data also suggest that when virus particles are more than 60 nm in diameter, viral dimensions become the overriding factor.

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Figures

FIG. 1
FIG. 1
Schematic diagram of the batch flowthrough column used in the viral batch transport studies. (B) Schematic diagram of the continuous column used in the viral transport studies.
FIG. 2
FIG. 2
Breakthrough curves for bacteriophages in the flowthrough column. (A) MS2. (B) PRD1. (C) Qβ. (D) φX174. (E) PM2.
FIG. 3
FIG. 3
Adsorption of bacteriophages in the continuous column. (A) MS2. (B) PRD1. (C) Qβ. (D) φX174. (E) PM2.
FIG. 4
FIG. 4
Comparison of 0.78-m column data for φX174 with simulation results obtained by using model A (A) and model B (B).
FIG. 5
FIG. 5
Normalized transport data for the five bacteriophages obtained by using the 0.78-m column.
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