Physician and staff assessments of drug interventions and outcomes in Swedish nursing homes

Abstract

Objective: To describe the type and frequency of drug-related problems discussed in regular team meetings conducted in 15 Swedish nursing homes and report physician and staff assessments of these interventions and residents' outcomes.

Data sources and methods: The data were collected within the context of a controlled trial with the primary aim of exploring the effects of regular team interventions on drug prescribing practices in Swedish nursing homes. In 15 experimental nursing homes, the residents' drug therapy was discussed regularly by a team consisting of a pharmacist, a physician, nurses, undernurses (similar to licensed practical nurses), and nurse's aides. The pharmacist documented problems, made changes, and observed outcomes. Following the intervention period, a questionnaire was sent to the medical staff that contained items regarding perceived outcomes, the intervention's impact on knowledge of drug therapy in the elderly, and attitudes toward the pharmacist's role.

Results: Unclear indication and problematic choice of drugs were the most common drug-related problems discussed. In 19% of the situations, therapy changes were reported to have had a beneficial effect on the residents' clinical status; in 47% of the situations, staff reported no observable outcome from changes, suggesting that the changes had been appropriate. Finally, medical staff claimed in the follow-up survey that their knowledge about drug therapy had increased; they expressed an overall positive attitude toward this interactive collaboration.

Conclusions: Regular intervention conducted by a multidisciplinary team incorporating a pharmacist can effectively improve prescribing practices, increase staff knowledge about appropriate drug therapy in the elderly, and result in improved quality of care for nursing home residents.