The effect of microgravity on testicular androgen secretion

Abstract

Background: Spaceflight causes a number of physiological changes in the human body. Most would consider space travel to be a stressful event even for well-trained astronauts. Should this be true, pituitary gonadotrophins (mainly LH) and testicular androgens, like testosterone (T), should decrease inflight in male astronauts. We therefore hypothesized that lowered testicular androgen levels might occur in men during spaceflight, due to stress-dependent lowered LH concentrations.

Methods: In order to test this hypothesis, on different day pre-, in- and postflight we assayed wake-time salivary and urinary T in four astronauts, as well as wake-time plasma levels of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), cortisol (CS), LH, T and its peripherally active metabolite 3-alpha-diol glucuronide (3ADG). In order to compare clinical to subjective data, all 7 male crewmembers anonymously answered a daily questionnaire from pre- to postflight asking them to self-rate sexual drive and potency, muscle strength and mood.

Results: Salivary, urinary and plasma T, as well as 3ADG, decreased during flight, while LH unexpectedly increased inflight (p < 0.05). A parallel decrease in sexual drive was observed (p < 0.05). A dramatic recovery of salivary T was found on R + 1.

Conclusions: This was the first time that spaceflight was demonstrated to cause temporary, still dramatic hypoandrogenism which was not due to blunted pituitary gonadotrophin secretion. The cause for hypoandrogenism is unknown but it may depend on fluid shift affecting testicular function or androgen distribution in various body compartments.