Ion transport changes during calcitonin-induced intestinal secretion in man

Abstract

Previous studies have shown that synthetic salmon calcitonin (SCT) infused intravenously causes secretion of water and electrolytes in the jejunum of normal human subjects. The present experiments were carried out to learn more about the nature of this intestinal secretory process. During SCT- or synthetic human calcitonin (HCT)-induced intestinal secretion, the following observations were made: (1) There was no change in potential difference; (2) Cl was secreted against an electrochemical gradient; (3) unidirectional Na flux out of the lumen was decreased while the opposite flux was normal; (4) luminal pCO2 fell; (5) addition of glucose to the jejunal contents stimulated Na abdsorption, and this in turn counteracted the secretory effect of calcitonin. These findings suggest that calcitonin induces active Cl secretion and inhibits active Na absorption, and that HCO3 absorption is reduced by virtue of OH secretion; furthermore, jejunal glucose absorption and glucose-stimulated Na absorption are intact during calcitonin-induced secretion. Intravenous infusion of HCT caused intestinal secretion only when blood levels were much higher than occur physiologically; therefore, calcitonin is probably not a mediator of spontaneous variations of intestinal transport in normal people. However, because calcitonin induces secretion in the ileum as well as in the jejunum, hypercalcitonemia (within the range commonly found in patients with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid) could be a cause of severe secretory diarrhea.