[Chronic HIV- and chronic HBV infection with hematuria and proteinuria]

Abstract

History and clinical findings: A medical examination, undertaken in an apparently healthy 30-year-old man because of his occupational exposure to chemicals, revealed haematuria and proteinuria. Physical examination was unremarkable except for oral hair-leukoplakia and swelling of the cervical, supraclavicular, axillary and inguinal lymph nodes.

Investigations: Examination of the urine demonstrated selective glomerular proteins (1.5 g/24 h) and dysmorphic erythrocytes. SGOT and SGPT activities were raised (73 and 129 IU/l, respectively). Active hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infections were demonstrated virologically. The CD4+ count in blood was reduced to 200 cells/microliter. Renal biopsy showed an IgA nephropathy.

Treatment and course: Antiretroviral treatment with zidovudine and lamivudine were started. SGOT and SGPT activities and HIV load fell steadily, while CD4+ cell count rose markedly. Renal functions have remained stable during the past 6 months.

Conclusion: Signs of glomerular damage are not unusual in systemic diseases, tumors or infections (Hepatitis B and HIV in this case) and they may be the first manifestations of the underlying disease.