Effects of various ambient temperatures and of heating and cooling the hypothalamus and cervical spinal cord on antidiuretic hormone secretion and urinary osmolality in pigs

Abstract

1. Plasma ADH concentration, urinary and plasma osmolality and haematocrit were measured in young pigs placed in cold, thermoneutral, warm and hot ambient temperatures. In some experiments a thermode placed in the hypothalamus or over the cervical spinal cord was heated or cooled at various ambient temperatures. 2. Plasma ADH concentration remained at a low level (0-5--5 muu. ml.-1) over 2 hr or 3 hr periods when the pigs were in cold, thermoneutral or warm ambient temperatures. A hot environment, which caused a marked rise in the pigs' rectal temperature, was associated with a large rise in plasma ADH level. 3. The rise in plasma ADH level which occurred during an increase in body temperature was consistently and completely suppressed by simultaneous cooling of the thermode in the pre-optic region to 5 to 10 degrees C. When the thermode was in the region of the supraoptic nucleus the rise in ADH was only partly suppressed, and when it was over the cervical cord it was only sometimes suppressed. 4. Cooling the thermodes in any position at a cold or thermoneutral ambient temperature, or heating them at a thermoneutral or warm ambient temperature, caused no consistent change in ADH. 5. A diuresis, with a urinary flow-rate of at most 1 ml. min-1 and minimal urinary osmolality of 53 m-osmole kg-1, was observed on only three occasions, twice during cooling of a thermode in the hypothalamus and once after the end of a period when the thermode was heated. In each case, the plasma ADH was less than 2 muu. ml.-1. 6. A slight rise of haematocrit in cold ambient conditions and a slight fall in the warm were observed. Otherwise changes in haematocrit were trivial, and a shift of water between vascular system and interstitium could not be invoked to account for changes in ADH levels. Observed variation of plasma osmolality was also slight.