Evaluation of fructooligosaccharide supplementation of oral electrolyte solutions for treatment of diarrhea: recovery of the intestinal bacteria

Abstract

Although oral electrolyte solutions (OES) replenish salts and water lost during diarrhea, present formulations do not address disturbances of the normal intestinal microbiota. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy of an OES with and without fructooligosaccharide (FOS) for treatment of pigs with acute secretory diarrhea induced by cholera toxin. Before, during, and after diarrhea, bacteriologic evaluation was made of contents collected from the mid small intestine, cecum, and distal colon and mucosa scraped from the mid small intestine. Diarrhea caused significant declines in total bacterial counts of contents from all three regions, with less of an impact on bacteria associated with the mucosa. Although total bacterial counts recovered within 24 hr, regardless of treatment, densities of Enterobacteriaceae were higher in pigs treated with OES whereas those receiving FOS had more lactobacilli. Our results show that secretory diarrhea disturbs the normal densities and relative species abundance of the microbiota, with the influences more pronounced for contents relative to the mucosa, and that adding FOS to OES accelerates the recovery of bacteria perceived as beneficial while potentially slowing the recovery of pathogenic forms.