Is splenectomy more dangerous for massive spleens?

Abstract

Background: Reports vary about whether risks are greater for removal of massive (> or = 1500 g) spleens than for smaller (< 1500 g) spleens. We sought to determine the hazards of splenectomy.

Methods: We reviewed 223 consecutive adults with elective splenectomies for hematologic diseases. Morbidity and mortality rates were combined with published data to create a meta-analysis.

Results: Patients with massive spleens are more likely to have postoperative complications (relative risk [RR] 2.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3 to 3.4; P = 0.003) and death (RR 4.7, 95% CI, 1.5 to 15.1; P = 0.01). However, when the investigation is restricted to comparable diagnoses, patients with massive spleens do not differ from those with smaller spleens regarding complications (RR 1.4, 95% CI, 0.8 to 2.7; P = 0.3) or mortality (RR 2.1, 95% CI, 0.5 to 9.7; P = 0.4). These observations are confirmed by metaanalysis. Furthermore, multivariate analysis indicts age as a critical risk of complications and death.

Conclusions: Increased age and underlying illness are the predominant factors associated with morbidity and mortality following splenectomy for hematologic disease. Adjusting for age and diagnosis, spleen size is not a hazard.