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. 1998 Mar;42(3):612-7.
doi: 10.1128/AAC.42.3.612.

Anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity and cellular metabolism of a potential prodrug of the acyclic nucleoside phosphonate 9-R-(2-phosphonomethoxypropyl)adenine (PMPA), Bis(isopropyloxymethylcarbonyl)PMPA

B L Robbins  1 , R V Srinivas, C Kim, N Bischofberger, A Fridland
Affiliations

Anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity and cellular metabolism of a potential prodrug of the acyclic nucleoside phosphonate 9-R-(2-phosphonomethoxypropyl)adenine (PMPA), Bis(isopropyloxymethylcarbonyl)PMPA

B L Robbins et al. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1998 Mar.

Abstract

Bis(isopropyloxymethylcarbonyl) 9-R-(2-phosphonomethoxypropyl)adenine [bis(POC)PMPA] has been identified as a novel prodrug of PMPA. The anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of bis(POC)PMPA was >100-fold greater than that of PMPA in both an established T-cell line and primary peripheral blood lymphocytes. This improved efficacy was shown to be due to a rapid intracellular uptake of the prodrug resulting in an increased intracellular accumulation of PMPA diphosphate (PMPApp), the pharmacologically active metabolite. PMPApp levels in bis(POC)PMPA-treated cells exceeded by >1,000-fold the levels seen in cells treated with unmodified PMPA in both resting and activated peripheral blood lymphocytes. Significant differences in the intracellular catabolism of PMPA metabolites were noted between the resting and activated lymphocytes. The half-life for the disappearance of PMPApp, derived from either bis(POC)PMPA or PMPA, was 12 to 15 h in the activated lymphocytes and 33 to 50 h in the resting lymphocytes. This long persistence of PMPApp, particularly in resting lymphocytes, may be unique to the nucleoside phosphonate analogs and indicates that effective levels of the active metabolite can be achieved and maintained with relatively infrequent administration of the parent drug.

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Figures

FIG. 1
FIG. 1
Structures of PMPA and bis(POC)PMPA.
FIG. 2
FIG. 2
Intracellular metabolism of bis(POC)PMPA in PBMC. R-PBMC (A) and PHA-PBMC (B) were incubated with 1 μM [3H]bis(POC)PMPA. At different intervals, the concentrations of PMPA and its metabolites in cell extracts were analyzed by HPLC as described in Materials and Methods. •, [3H]PMPA; ▪, [3H]PMPAp; ▴, [3H]PMPApp.
FIG. 3
FIG. 3
Catabolism of PMPAp and PMPApp from R-PBMC (A) and PHA-PBMC (B) incubated with 1 μM [3H]bis(POC)PMPA (▾, ▪) or 10 μM [3H]PMPA (▴, •) for 24 h. At different intervals thereafter, cells were analyzed for PMPA metabolites as described in Materials and Methods. The measured t1/2 were calculated from the slopes of the weighted lines generated by linear analysis.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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