Internal fixation of multiple fractures in patients with polytrauma

Abstract

Within the last decade understanding of the pathogenetic consequences of trauma has been improved significantly. An additional reduction of lethality has been achieved that in part is related to increasing discrimination of complex injury patterns. Accordingly, additional staging in fracture management of these injuries has been developed. An overview of the current status of fracture management in polytrauma is given and certain regimens that are still controversially are discussed. The principles determined are based on the treatment experience of 4003 multiply injured patients within the past 23 years. The most important principles within the first hours after trauma represent adequate hemorrhage control. In fracture treatment the primary goal remains to perform primary stable osteosynthesis. In severe polytrauma with severe injuries to the extremities, the first decision is whether limb salvage can be achieved without risk of deterioration of the patient's condition. If this is the case, open fractures Grades III b and c usually can be stabilized primarily by unreamed intramedullary nailing or percutaneous plating. The priority pattern in multiple closed fractures is as follows: (1) tibia; (2) femur; (3) pelvis; (4) spine; and (5) upper extremity. Exceptions may ensue if severe head or thoracic trauma is present. Delayed treatment is performed for complex joint reconstruction, definitive treatment of maxillofacial injuries, and soft tissue reconstruction.